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|magnitude = 8.0 Ms〔/7.9 Mw〔 |depth= |duration= >2 minutes〔 |location= (Yingxiu, Wenchuan County, Ngawa Prefecture, Sichuan) |damage = Building and infrastructure damage, landslide, formation of landslide dams |countries affected = China |intensity = XI MM/CSIS〔〔 |landslide = Yes | aftershocks=149 to 284 major over 42,719 total〔 |casualties =69,195 dead (21st deadliest earthquake of all time) 18,392 missing〔 374,643 injured (as of September 22, 2008 18:18 CST)〔 }} The 2008 Sichuan earthquake〔Some early Western reports used the term Chengdu quake; e.g., , , etc. This term never picked up widely in media reports, but was reportedly used by BBC America in a follow-up report on preparations for winter and housing rebuilding efforts aired November 12, 2008 in counterpoint to Olympics.〕 or the Great Sichuan earthquake, measured at 8.0 Ms〔 〕 and 7.9 Mw,〔An initial study placed its momentum magnitude at 8.3 Mw c.f.〕 and occurred at 02:28:01 PM China Standard Time at epicenter (06:28:01 UTC)〔This time is published by USGS. Time published by CEA is about 3 seconds later at 14:28:04.0 China Standard Time (06:28:04 UTC), c.f. 〕 on May 12 in Sichuan province, killed 69,197 people and left 18,222 missing. It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of . The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai— and away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor. Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage. Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing.〔 name="data">, and 〕 The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program. ==Earthquake's results== The earthquake had a magnitude of 8.0 Ms〔〔〔 and 7.9 Mw.〔〔 The epicenter was in Wenchuan County, Ngawa Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, 80 km west/northwest of the provincial capital of Chengdu, with its main tremor occurring at 14:28:01.42 China Standard Time (06:28:01.42 UTC),〔 on May 12, 2008 lasting for around 2 minutes, in the quake almost 80% of buildings were destroyed. According to a study by the China Earthquake Administration (CEA), the earthquake occurred along the Longmenshan fault, a thrust structure along the border of the Indo-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate. Seismic activities concentrated on its mid-fracture (known as Yingxiu-Beichuan fracture). The rupture lasted close to 120 sec, with the majority of energy released in the first 80 sec. Starting from Wenchuan, the rupture propagated at an average speed of 3.1 kilometers per second 49° toward north east, rupturing a total of about 300 km. Maximum displacement amounted to 9 meters. The focus was deeper than 10 km.〔 In a United States Geological Survey (USGS) study, preliminary rupture models of the earthquake indicated displacement of up to 9 meters along a fault approximately 240 km long by 20 km deep. The earthquake generated deformations of the surface greater than 3 meters and increased the stress (and probability of occurrence of future events) at the northeastern and southwestern ends of the fault.〔 On May 20, USGS seismologist Tom Parsons warned that there is "high risk" of a major M>7 aftershock over the next weeks or months. Japanese seismologist Yuji Yagi at the University of Tsukuba said that the earthquake occurred in two stages: "The 155-mile Longmenshan Fault tore in two sections, the first one ripping about seven yards, followed by a second one that sheared four yards." His data also showed that the earthquake lasted about two minutes and released 30 times the energy of the Great Hanshin earthquake of 1995 in Japan, which killed over 6,000 people. He pointed out that the shallowness of the epicenter and the density of population greatly increased the severity of the earthquake. Teruyuki Kato, a seismologist at the University of Tokyo, said that the seismic waves of the quake traveled a long distance without losing their power because of the firmness of the terrain in central China. According to reports from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, the earthquake tremors lasted for "about two or three minutes". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「2008 Sichuan earthquake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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